Theory Of Computation

 The Theory of Computation (TOC) is a fundamental area of computer science that explores the capabilities and limitations of computational models. It primarily deals with three main components:

1. Automata Theory

Automata theory studies abstract machines and the problems they can solve. Key concepts include:

Finite Automata: Simple computational models used to recognize patterns. They can be deterministic (DFA) or nondeterministic (NFA).

Context-Free Grammars: Used to describe the syntax of programming languages and can be represented by pushdown automata.

Turing Machines: A more powerful model that can simulate any algorithm, forming the basis of modern computation.

2. Computability Theory

This branch examines which problems can be solved by computational models and which cannot. Important topics include:

Decidable vs. Undecidable Problems: Some problems can be solved algorithmically (decidable), while others, like the Halting Problem, cannot.

Church-Turing Thesis: Proposes that any computation that can be performed by a human using an algorithm can also be performed by a Turing machine.

3. Complexity Theory

Complexity theory studies the resources (like time and space) required to solve computational problems. It classifies problems based on their inherent difficulty:

P vs. NP Problem: One of the most famous open questions in computer science, asking whether every problem whose solution can be verified quickly (in polynomial time) can also be solved quickly.

Complexity Classes: Categories like P (problems solvable in polynomial time), NP (nondeterministic polynomial time), NP-complete (the hardest problems in NP), and others.

Significance of TOC

Foundation of Computer Science: TOC provides the theoretical underpinnings for algorithms, programming languages, and software design.

Insights into Limitations: Understanding what can and cannot be computed helps set realistic expectations in computer science and technology.

Practical Applications: The principles derived from TOC influence fields such as cryptography, optimization, artificial intelligence, and more.

Conclusion

The Theory of Computation is a rich and intricate field that offers crucial insights into the nature of computation itself. By studying automata, computability, and complexity, computer scientists gain a deeper understanding of both theoretical and practical aspects of computation, shaping the future of technology.

Installing CorelDRAW Graphics Suite

 This section contains the following topics:

System requirements

 Preparing for installation

 Installing CorelDRAW Graphics Suite applications

Installation options

Modifying and repairing installations

Uninstalling CorelDRAW Graphics Suite

Frequently Asked Questions

 System requirements                                        

The following list includes the minimum system requirements. Note that for optimum performance, you need more RAM and hard disc space than indicated in the list.

•    Operating system with latest service pack: Windows 8 (32-bit or 64-bit Editions) or Windows 7 (32-bit or 64-bit Editions)

•    Intel Core 2 Duo or AMD Athlon 64

•    2 GB RAM

•    1 GB hard disk space

Electronic software downloads (ESD) require more space to allow for the download, the uncompressed setup files, and the actual installation, which includes copies the source files as well.

•    Mouse or tablet

•    1280 x 768 screen resolution or greater

•    DVD drive

•    Microsoft Internet Explorer 8 or later

 If the Microsoft .NET Framework is not available on your computer, it will be installed during product installation.

Preparing for installation

 •    Make sure that your system’s date and time are set correctly.

•    Close all applications, including all virus detection programs and applications that are open in the system tray or on the Windows taskbar. Not doing so may increase the installation time and interfere with the installation.

•    Log in as an administrator.

•    Make sure that you have enough free disk space available on the drive where you want to install the application.

•    Delete the contents of the system’s TEMP folders to avoid file and memory conflicts. To navigate to the Temp folders, type %temp% in the Search box on the Windows 7 Start menu or the Windows 8 desktop.

•    Install CorelDRAW® Graphics Suite X7 in its own directory to avoid conflicts with previous versions.

Installing CorelDRAW Graphics Suite applications

The installation wizard makes it easy to install CorelDRAW Graphics Suite applications and components. You can choose a typical installation to quickly install the suite, or you can customize the installation by choosing different options.

To install CorelDRAW Graphics Suite applications

1    Close all applications, including all virus detection programs.

2    Insert the DVD in the DVD drive.

(Windows 7 and Windows 8) If the installation wizard does not start automatically, browse to the root of the DVD, you must locate setup.exe on the DVD, and double-click the file. Be sure to navigate to the folder that corresponds to the version of your operating system: 64-Bit or 32-Bit.

3    Scroll down to read the license agreement, and then click I accept.

4    Click Next.

5    Type your name in the User name text box.

6    Type your serial number in the Serial number text box.

The serial number is not case-sensitive, and the dashes are optional.

7    Click Next.

8    Follow the instructions for installing the software.

Installation options

 You can choose between two types of installations:

•    Typical installation — automatically installs the main programs and utilities of the suite to a default location in the Program Files folder. If later you need a component that is not installed, you can modify your installation.

•    Custom installation — lets you choose additional features, exclude components that you don’t need, and specify where to install the suite. For example, you can install desktop shortcuts or install Ghostscript for better handling of imported EPS and PDF files.

 

Programs

 The following table lists the programs that are installed by default. To exclude a program from the installation, you must choose Custom installation.

CorelDRAW®

An intuitive and versatile graphics application for creating high- quality vector illustrations, logo designs, and page layouts.

Corel® PHOTO-PAINT™

A complete image-editing application that lets you retouch and enhance photos as well as create original bitmap illustrations and paintings.

Corel® CONNECT™

An application that provides easy access to content such as clipart, photos, and fonts.

Corel® CAPTURE™

An easy-to-use application for capturing images from your computer screen.

Bitstream Font Navigator

An application for browsing, organizing, and managing fonts

Modifying and repairing installations

 You can also use the installation wizard to do the following:

•    modify the current installation by adding or deleting components

•    repair the current installation by fixing errors such as missing or corrupt files as well as inaccurate shortcuts and registry entries

Repairing an installation is helpful when you encounter problems in using the application, or when you suspect that the installation is corrupt. Before repairing an installation, try resetting the current workspace to the default settings by holding down F8 while starting the application. Note that when you reset the workspace, all workspace preferences are reset.

 

To modify or repair a CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 installation

 

1    Close all applications.

2    On the Windows Control Panel, click Uninstall a program.

3    Double-click CorelDRAW Graphics Suite on the Uninstall or change a program page.

4    Enable the Modify option or the Repair option in the wizard that appears, and follow the instructions.

Components that are already installed do not appear in the wizard, or their check boxes appear disabled.

Certain features, such as Copy installation files and Install desktop shortcuts, cannot be added by modifying your installation.

  

Uninstalling CorelDRAW Graphics Suite

You can uninstall CorelDRAW Graphics Suite from the Control Panel.

 

To uninstall CorelDRAW Graphics Suite

1    On the Windows Control Panel, click Uninstall a program.

2    Double-click CorelDRAW Graphics Suite on the Uninstall or change a program page.

3    Enable the Remove option in the wizard that appears, and follow the instructions.

To completely uninstall the product by removing user files, such as presets, user-created fills, and customized files, enable the Remove user files check box.

Any additional components and applications that you installed with the suite, such as the CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 - Windows Shell Extension or Microsoft Visual Studio Tools for Applications (VSTA), must be uninstalled separately.

Frequently Asked Questions

I am upgrading my version of the software. Do I need to uninstall the previous version?

No, you don’t need to uninstall the previous version. By default, the new version is installed to a separate folder, which ensures that you can work with both versions. Do not change the installation folder to install the upgrade and the previous version to the same folder.

What is the difference between an upgrade and an update?

An upgrade lets you install the latest major version of the software. After a major version is released, updates usually follow to offer defect fixes, performance and stability improvements as well as new features for premium members. Updates have the name of the major version with a number appended — for example, .1. By default, the application notifies you when a product update is available, but you can also check for updates by clicking Help 🞂Updates.

What if I lost my serial number and need to reinstall the software?

For download versions, check the email you received from Corel when you purchased the product. If you are a standard or a premium member, check your My accounts page on corel.com.

If you purchased a box, check the cover of the installation disk.

What is the difference between Typical and Custom installation? Which type of installation is suitable for me?

How do I deploy CorelDRAW Graphics Suite to my organization’s network?

If you purchased multiple licenses of CorelDRAW Graphics Suite, you have the option of deploying the applications to your organization’s network. The CorelDRAW Graphics Suite X7 Deployment Guide provides more information about network installations. To purchase a volume license of the software and obtain its deployment guide, please contact Corel Support Services.